25.107
Takeoff Speeds
Medium
AEO Takeoff, Abused - Early Rotation, Rapid Rotation, Excessive Rotation, Mistrim
See AC 25-7A Section 2 Para 10 b 1. Rotate @ Vr - 7% or 10 Kts, whichever is less, below Vr. Not more than 1% increase in takeoff distance. 2. Rotate @ Vr, but mistrim +/- 2 units of pitch trim w/o config warning. Not more than 1% increase in T/O dist. 3. Use rapid rotation rate or rotate 2 deg above normal pitch attitude (two different tests). Tail strikes acceptable if "minor" & not unsafe!
Aircraft departs runway / Inadvertent ground contact.
1. 1. Inability to rotate. 2. Over rotation / stall on takeoff.
2. Stall/loss of lift out of ground effect (OGE)
1.1 1. All testing to be conducted on hard surfaced, dry runway under day VFR conditions.
2. Minimum runway length and width must be established.
3. Crash and rescue crews to be briefed on conduct of tests, aircraft familiarization, and rescue procedures. Equipment and crews to be positioned a minimum of 400 feet from the runway centerline.
4. Minimum essential flight crew on board.
5. Flight crew will wear protective clothing and helmets.
6. Wind speed must be 5 knots or less from any direction except no tail wind is permitted.
7. Inspect tires, struts and brakes prior to test. Service to recommended limits.
8. One flap configuration should be completed prior to going on to the next flap configuration.
9. Engineering analysis to determine preparation for this test by analysis of development data during AEO / OEI takeoff speed schedule testing.
10. Engineering to ensure tail bumper is structurally adequate for tail strike (over-rotation)
11. Instrumentation to include cockpit display of tail proximity indicator, pitch attitude; tail bumper contact to be recorded on instrumentation data.
12. Telemetry to be utilized for each run, and will provide feedback to the flight crews.
13. Ensure display and required parameters are active for each flight.
14. Crew preparation to include review of previous data and procedures to be followed in the event of a tail strike or stall warning at liftoff.
15. Aircraft preparation to include regular inspection of the tail bumper, tail proximity probe, and tail structure if the tail strikes.
16. Perform buildup test point at Vr-5.
17. Two Engine Takeoff Performance at normal scheduled speeds (Vr, V2+10) must be satisfactorily completed prior to these tests.
2.1 Perform analysis of In-ground effect (IGE) influence on stall speeds and stall angle-of-attack (AOA)
2.2 Assess stall warning prevention system design for OGE effects
2.3 Perform pilot-in-the-loop simulations of maneuvers. Though simulations with OGE model enhancements are preferred, models without OGE effects can help provide pilot the ability to assess impending conditions for an OGE stall recognition and recovery.
2.4 Limit test crew cadre to maximize experience carryover, improved recovery technique and impending stall recognition
2.5 Monitor AoA conditions and establish standard limits calls for impending OGE stall conditions.
2.6 Flight Crew wears helmets and fire proof clothing
Warning: It is imperative that this information be applied by a knowledgeable flight test professional given the inherently hazardous nature of these activities. This data is general and all items may not apply. Application may require additional research to understanding the safe approach and mitigation sequence for a specific flight test situation.
* FAA Note: The maneuver information described in this database is for reference only. Consult Title 14 CFR for actual FAR requirements.